The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions fluid properties. Material balance techniques are used to estimate hydrocarbons in place ooip and ogip from measurements of fluid production and the resultant change in reservoir pressure caused by that production. Material balance applied petroleum reservoir engineering. Gas material balance equations general material balance formulation from dake withdrawal. The material balance equation mbe is a versatile analytical tool in petroleum reservoir engineering. Material balance archives applied petroleum reservoir. Until well into the 1950s it was the only means of determining the production drive mechanism in oil and gas reservoirs, and of predicting their behaviour. Chapter eight the material balance equation mbe the material balance equation mbe has long been recognized as one of the basic tools of reservoir engineers for interpreting and predicting reservoir performance. The material balance equation can be simplified, as all the terms for oil production, liquid expansion and rock expansion can be neglected. Petroleum reservoir engineering, material balance equation calculations mbe by tom blasingame. Enhancing the material balance equation for shale gas reservoirs. The equation mathematically defines the different producing mechanisms and effectively relates the reservoir fluid and rock expansion to the subsequent fluid withdrawal. In applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition, renowned expert ronald e. Material balance equations provide a relationship between original fluids in place, cumulative fluid production, and average reservoir pressure.
Discretization and gridding in reservoir simulation 2. Initial adsorbed gas in place, ga initial free gas in place, gf create an equation that generates a linearline. Heriot watt university, reservoir simulation course numerical methods in reservoir simulation. Material balance is an important concept in reservoir engineering since it is a. Dec 19, 2014 the material balance equation was derived in order track the production of oil, gas and water. The key concepts are best learned by problem solving. The material balance approach to reservoir engineering is covered in detail and is. Solution to the mbe is put to a predictive use for predicting reservoir performance, i. At a later time, t, reservoir pressure is assumed to have been reduced from p i to p from production of oil, water, and gas. The derivation of the material balance equation is based on several assumptions. In this work, a reservoir simulation study is conducted for a nonvolumetric gas reservoir with different aquifer sizes so a correlation was developed for estimating the size of an underlying aquifer from material balance. Chapter 3material balance applied to oil reservoirs 3. The material balance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. Rrreeesssererervvvoir engoir engoir engininineeeering for.
Multiphase situations, types of oil and gas reservoirs, reservoir drive mechanisms, the basics of material balance and decline curve analysis, and reserve definitions will also be. Material balance, is an application of conservation of mass to gain a good understanding of reservoir and production systems which will lead to reliable simulation studies. See chapter 3 of applied petroleum reservoir engineering third edition for the derivation. Canadian institute of mining, metallurgy and petroleum, 2004.
Applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition book. Proportional average of all volumes mixed together the most commonly used variables in material balance equations are. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet introduction material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. This marks the time when reservoir engineering emerged from within petroleum engineering as a recognised science in its own right. In order to consider production of an unconventional gas reservoir, a sufficient amount of gas in place within the reservoir is a concern. Estimate the parameters used on the material balance equation using tarner equation and straight line method. Well cover calculating gas in place using the material balance. Material balance equation an overview sciencedirect topics. Material balance equations are used to derive formulations of muds, to calculate the amount of barite needed to weightup a mud, to determine the amount of water needed to dilute a mud, and to find the volume of two or more muds to mix together to achieve a new mud weight and volume. To have generated such large quantities of gas, shale needs to be rich in organic matter. Natural fractured reservoir engineering phdg textbooks in preparation, intended to be issued during 2015.
For shale, this usually means it is a hydrocarbon source that generated large volumes of either thermal or biogenic gas. Oil and gas reservoir material balance programs using the microsoft excel spreadsheet. This name has been chosen to contrast with the traditional material balance procedure, which relies on static reservoir pressure data. Various formulations of the material balance equation can be sourced in any of the references cited. Oil recovery mechanisms and the material balance equation, reservoir engineering handbook, p. Tarek ahmed, in reservoir engineering handbook fifth edition, 2019.
Accessing and downloading materials from library live tutorial for oncampus and distancelearning students texts. The material balance approach vs reservoir simulation as an. Be sure to read carefully through all the examples in this chapter. Greg king if all of the assumptions inherent in the development of equation 4. Flow equations for flow in porous materials are based on a set of mass. The value and the degree of sophistication of such simulators will increase in the years to come. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet introduction material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir. Gas material balance equations general material balance formulation from dake withdrawal function of reservoir pressure oil. Material balance calculations for petroleum reservoirs in 1936, schilthuis developed a general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types.
The magnitude of various factors in the material balance equation indicates the relative contribution of different drive mechanisms at work in the reservoir. The conventional format of the gas material balance equation is the simple straight line plot of pz vs. The book begins with an introduction to key terms and an introduction to the history of reservoir engineering. Advanced reservoir engineering offers the practicing engineer and engineering student a full description, with worked examples, of all of the kinds of reservoir engineering topics that the engineer will use in daytoday activities. Material balance plot for a volumetric, undersaturated crude oil reservoir source. Describes basic reservoir engineering goals and the tools and resources employed by reservoir engineers. The information in this document is subject to change as major improvements andor amendments to the program are generated. The material balance equation is directly linked to original gas in place. W1 density of first material v2 volume of second material to be mixed together w2 density of second material vf total or sum of all volumes mixed together wf density of total mixture. Material balance calculations a general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types was first developed by schilthuis in 1936.
A new and improved material balance method by which the original dry gas in place and the original condensate in place can be calculated for a retrograde gas condensate reservoir has been formulated. Instead of a single number, it allows the geologist to. Feb 26, 20 petroleum reservoir engineering, material balance equation calculations mbe by tom blasingame. Material balance concept, fundamental flow lecture3. The material balance method is a fundamental reservoir engineering tool for the evaluation of past and future global reservoir performance. Material balance calculation an overview sciencedirect. Above bubble point note that water influx is in cumulative reservoir barrels. Pdf a new solution methodology to the material balance. Overview of reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs. Estimate initial hydrocarbon volumes in place predict future reservoir performance.
Types of material balance problems first let us look at the types of material balance problems that arise in chemical engineering. Material balance calculations for gas reservoirs for a singlephase gas reservoir, the mb equation takes the form. The calculation is most vulnerable to many of its underlying assumptions early in the depletion. Discusses major drive mechanisms and the calculation of oip using material balance equations.
Reservoir engineering techniques for forecast, reserves estimation and reservoir behaviour prediction analogues decline curves analysis material balance reservoir simulation reservoir simulation background. This technique allows tracking reservoir pressure and fluid characteristics changes as a function of time, providing accurate well and field production forecast and a reserves estimate. For those who wish to wade deeper, see references at the end. Pe281 applied mathematics in reservoir engineering these notes were to developed accompany the lecture material for pe281. The technique requires accurate estimates of fluid properties, production volumes, and reservoir pressure. Be familiar with reservoir engineering aspects and definitions. Although it is a tank model equation, it can provide great insight for the practicing reservoir engineer. The new, generalized material balance equation leads to an improved method of reservoir performance analysis. Material balance equation mbe is seen by the reservoir engineers as the basic tool for interpreting and predicting the performance of reservoirs. Well test analysis the use of advanced interpretation models, by dominique bourdet. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluids in place ofip based on production and static pressure data. Reservoir engineering for geologists was originally published as a fourteenpart series.
Material balance calculation an overview sciencedirect topics. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in. It is written from start of production to any time t as follows. The material balance equation mbe has long been recognized as one of the basic tools of reservoir engineers for interpreting and predicting reservoir performance. Material balance equations department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics professor jon kleppe norwegian university of science and technology august 21, 2017 6 material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir the material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir is very simple. The graphical simplicity of this method makes it popular.
Cbe2124, levicky 1 chapter 4 material balances note. The basic requirements for the application of material balance to a reservoir include. Material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. The material balance equation assignment help petroleum. The material balance approach vs reservoir simulation as. Chierici gl 1985 petroleum reservoir engineering in the year 2000. The material balance equation was derived in order track the production of oil, gas and water. The materialbalance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. The general material balance equation gmbe as developed in this book is based on an oil reservoir with a primary gas cap at initial conditions and reservoir pressure designated as p i.
If we know the original oilinplace from either the volumetric method or the material balance method, then we can use equation 4. Department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics. This paper explains the general material balance equation for gas condensate reservoirs with detailed considerations of relevant pvt standard properties especially below the saturation pressure. Material balance concept the development of the general oil material balance equation can be found in any petroleum reservoir engineering textbook including applied petroleum reservoir engineering b. The material balance equation was first formulated by schilthuis 14 and introduced in 1936. The most important development in petroleum engineering during the last decade has been the extensive use of reservoir simulators for simulating complex problems which could not have been solved by conventional material balance methods. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. They are routinely used co estimate oil and gas reserves and predict. For many gas reservoirs, a simple material balance equation can be derived on the basis of the following assumptions.
Mar 06, 2018 material balance relations for gas and compressible liquid system. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet. Material balance has long been used in reservoir engineering practice as a simple yet powerful tool to determine the original gas in place g. Lsu ces past data oil and gas reservoir material balance programs. Numerical reservoir simulation uses material balance and fluid flow theory to predict fluid. The material balance equation calculation is based on changes in reservoir conditions over discrete periods of time during the production history. Tpg4150 reservoir recovery techniques 2017 material balance equations department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics professor jon kleppe norwegian university of science and technology august 21, 2017 6 material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir the material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir is very simple. Participants will also learn about fluid and rock properties used in reservoir engineering applications and the fundamental concepts of fluid flow in porous media. A general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types was first developed by schilthuis in 1936. This new mbe is a result of theoretical research that is validated using experimental data. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluidsinplace ofip based on production and static pressure data. A new and improved material balance equation for retrograde. Rafiqul islam, in unconventional gas reservoirs, 2015.
Material balance relations for gas and compressible liquid system. Describes the behavior of gas and gas condensate reservoirs, using the real gas equation of state and the pz versus cumulative production approaches. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions. Material balance can be used to predict future reservoir performance and aid in estimating cumulative recovery efficiency.
The material balance provides reservoir engineers a great deal of insight in knowing the initial hydrocarbon in place, how much hydrocarbon can be produced at. The gas 720 reservoir engineering handbook figure 111. It is based on the law of mass conservation applied to a reservoir at large by considering it as a large tank at a uniform pressure. Below, find the essential mbe, stripped clean of any theoretical discussion.
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